Monthly Archives: December 2014

TTIP – Juncker’s 1.1 million signature ‘birthday card’





On 15th July the European Commission refused to accept a European Citizens Initiative (ECI) to end talks over the the TTIP and CETA, contentious trade and investment initiatives with the US and Canada.

The petition, organised by Stop TTIP, was signed by over a million citizens and passed all the Commission’s criteria for a valid ECI – except one.

The Commission didn’t like having ‘little people’ telling them what to do, specially on a project so dear to their hearts as stripping back social, environmental and health safeguards across Europe and letting US corporations rip.

So they made up a flimsy package of legal obfuscation to justify rejecting it, which they formally did on 11th September – claiming that an ECI may be formulated only positively, working towards the enactment of a legal act, not towards preventing an enactment.

Happy Birthday Mr Juncker!

But today – on Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker’s 60th birthday – Stop TTIP was back with a second million signature petition described as a ‘self-organised ECI’, handed to him by Stop TTIP representatives in Brussels.

John Hilary, a member of Stop TTIP’s Citizens’ Committee commented: “Stop TTIP has collected more than a million signatures in record time.

“This is especially embarrassing for the European Commission as it has tried repeatedly to block any citizens’ involvement in the way these treaties are being negotiated and what the outcome should be. Jean Claude Juncker should listen to the growing opposition and stop both treaties immediately.

“Politicians are always calling for citizens to get actively involved in European politics, and here are more than a million people who have done just that.

“On his 60th birthday, Juncker should blow out the candles on these massively unpopular and undemocratic trade deals that are opposed by people across Europe. One million signatures is just the beginning. We will continue our protest until TTIP and CETA are history.”

And don’t forget the lawsuit

In fact the required million signatures had all been collected by last Wednesday at 11.37pm – in a record time of less than two months. So by the time it was handed over today it had gathered a further 101,000 signatures!

In the process of mobilising all the signings Stop TTIP has grown into a fast-growing coalition of more than 320 civil society organisations, trade unions and consumer watchdogs from 24 EU Member States.

It has also launched a formal complaint to the European Court of Justice, pointing out that the European Citizens’ Initiative (regulation 211/2011) gives citizens the right “to participate by means of a European Citizens’ Initiative in the democratic life of the Union”.

“There is not a syllable which indicates that only constructive, i.e. positively formulated, ECIs are to be possible”, says Stop TTIP. “The instrument of an ECI is intended to enable lively participation at EU level by citizens – it is available to the citizens as a motive force or as a brake.”

The massive support for the campaign reflects the underlying agenda of TTIP and CETA, which is  would give unprecedented power to international corporations and thus threaten to overrule democracy, the rule of law as well as environmental and consumer protection.

In particular, the treaties would allow governments to be sued by corporations before private arbitration boards if their laws or policies damage the company’s profits.

We cannot let them get away with it!

With its decision on the ‘Stop TTIP’ ECI, the Commission is indicating how it envisions citizen participation at the European level: purely as an arrangement for applauding decisions which have already been made.

“In forward-looking questions, this means the following for its citizens: we have to stay outside”, says Stop TTIP. “We cannot just acquiesce to this. So the action before the European Court of Justice is about more than the registration of the Stop TTIP ECI.”

“The Commission is attempting to create a precedent in order to prevent further Citizens’ Initiatives relating to international contracts, and to give the EU institutions almost total negotiating freedom. That is a free ticket to the dismantling of democracy.”

 


Support TTIP with funds for its campaign and lawsuit.

 






Badger cubs to be shot in new ‘summer cull’ plan





Badger cubs will be shot under plans to shift the controversial cull to early summer in 2015, the Guardian has learned.

The badger culls, aimed at curbing tuberculosis in cattle, have so far taken place in the autumn and have repeatedly missed their minimum kill targets.

Cubs are easier to catch and shoot and are more numerous in early summer, making it more likely an earlier cull will hit its target.

But scientists have warned killing cubs rather than adults has less effect on cutting TB, while animal campaigners condemned the plan as “appallingly crude and desperate”.

The National Farmers Union (NFU), which speaks for the culling companies, said government licences permit culling to begin any time from June. The Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) said the timing of the culls was a decision for the culling companies.

Summer cull to begin as early as June 2015

Badger cubs are born underground in February and first emerge in April. While the cubs and their parents legally cannot be culled until the start of June, it is legal to shoot them under licence afterwards.

The cullers intend to start in June or July 2015, according to Guardian sources. However, leading badger expert Professor Rosie Woodroffe, at the Zoological Society of London, said:

“They may well catch more badgers if they cull in June, because young cubs are naïve and easy to trap. But many of cubs die in their first year, especially in dry summers. So killing 100 badgers in June wouldn’t reduce the badger population as much as killing 100 badgers in November.

“Also, cubs are much less likely to have TB, so killing cubs would not have the same effect on reducing disease as killing adults.”

Woodroffe was a key member of an earlier landmark and decade-long culling trial which found that TB in cattle could actually be made worse if the badger population was not heavily reduced, as surviving but disturbed badgers spread the disease more widely.

“An earlier cull would seem to be more about trying to achieve a target number of badgers killed, rather than controlling TB. It’s more like meeting the letter of the law, rather than the spirit”, said Woodroffe.

She believes the cull pilots in Somerset and Gloucestershire, judged in April not to be effective or humane, should stop immediately.

NFU: the cull must go on

The NFU disagrees. “The NFU remains convinced the current pilot culls will help deliver a reduction of TB in cattle and it is vital that they are allowed to be successfully completed so they can achieve the maximum benefit”, said a spokesman.

“We also remain committed to seeing badger culling rolled out to other areas where TB is endemic to help control and eradicate this terrible disease, which continues to devastate the lives of farming families.”

The Conservatives are understood to want a roll-out, but have been opposed by their LibDem coalition partners. The NFU spokesman added:

“The terms of the existing four-year licences mean that culling can begin from 1 June. This has always been the case. We are not aware that any decision has been made as yet about the timings of next year’s cull.”

Claire Bass, executive director of the Humane Society International / UK said: “If true, an earlier cull would be an appallingly crude and desperate tactic to boost the number of badgers killed to create a veneer of success in an otherwise failed and discredited badger cull policy.

“Not only is it a moral outrage to allow marksmen to take pot shots at baby badgers simply to provide a larger body count, but it makes even less scientific sense than the current strategy, as the likelihood of cubs carrying the disease is even lower than adults.”

The earlier landmark culling trial found 12% of adult badgers had TB but only 8% of cubs.

A Defra spokesman said: “England has the highest levels of bovine TB in Europe which is why we are pursuing a comprehensive strategy to make England free of the disease, including cattle measures, vaccinations and culling badgers where TB is rife.

“The licences in Somerset and Gloucestershire allow culling to commence any time from 1 June, which was based on the advice of wildlife experts.”

 


 

Damian Carrington is the head of environment at the Guardian.

This article originally appeared on the Guardian. It is republished with thanks via the Guardian Environment Network.

 






Bottoms up! ‘Head in sand salute’ is the new climate protest





Images of activists, heads in the sand, bottoms in the air, went viral last month in a ‘salute’ to governments’ policy on climate change and increased industrialisation along the Great Barrier Reef.

North Queensland Conservation Council environmentalists came up with the idea for the Get-Up! Global Day of Climate Action. Townsville organiser and local filmmaker, George Hirst says ‘salute’ was key to the idea:

“Salute was the word to hang it on, to ironically say quiet a lot, and it’s a pretty Aussie thing too. We’re not big ones for saluting anyone or anything, so we thought we’d salute the government this way.”

Getting the image right took both method and practice, added Hirst. “To make a one off image that really hits quickly and works well, firstly you had to see the shape of the body with the head going into the sand. So we set up a grid pattern to give perspective.”

Social media sends image viral

Social media sent the image viral when Australian cartoonist, Andrew Marlton (@firstdogonthemoon) and 350.org Founder Bill McKibben (@billmckibben) both retweeted the image.

Hashtag headinthesandsalute received worldwide attention, “the biggest impact was on Buzzfeed, it was the top story on Buzzfeed for well over 24 hours, then Mashable and others”, says Hirst.

“Even South African Playboy used the image, as did the British Journal of Medicine for an article on climate change as a significant medical problem.”

Hirst and 350.org advised campaigners Eden Tehan and Rex Walsh for Sydney’s Bondi Beach event ahead of the G20 summit, also New Zealand environmental group, Coal Action Network Aotearoa‘s nation-wide ‘salute’ for COP20, Lima, Peru.

Image events as protest

The Bondi Beach images, shot from a drone, had one objective – to elevate the campaign – says renewable energy entrepreneur and organiser Eden Tehan:

“There’s something about that image, yes sure it’s humorous. I find it powerful to step back and think the guys running the show may actually have their heads stuck in the sand on climate change and it’s scary … and hopefully the visual image will catch on. It’s also why we chose to not have signage or banners on the day.”

Activists found the action a sobering experience, Tehan adds. “I believe it’s an emotional statement, a strong statement, there’s nothing more hopeless than the action of doing that … there was some cheering on the day when everyone did it.

“When, I and others were there, with our heads in the sand, there was a sombre energy about it, because it’s a sad situation.”

Activism to artivism: Protest as performance art

Bondi Beach is to date the largest single #headinthesand salute, with just over 400 people taking part; and sees a growth in protest as artivism -art and activism.

#headinthesand salute captures campaigners disillusioned with marches and rallies, unwilling to risk arrest through non-violent direct action, have family or work commitments, yet still want to make a statement.

Going to beach after work, is typical Aussie behaviour, and Tehan and Walsh enticed people with the lure of a free beer from local pub sponsor to make a political statement, as Eden Tehan explains.

“I tried to get away from the protest word. When dealing with the cops we were saying it’s an attempt at public art, and I do believe that I think that image, especially the aerial one, it’s is art, it is public art with a message.”

Bondi organiser Rex Walsh added, “It’s a real return to old fashioned form of protest, in a very Australian way, where people can do it, be individual in it, but there’s collectivism as well …

“This is novel, fun, different and not going to alienate people, and that’s its strength, it has the ability to polarise itself in a sense, it’s not destructive to our way of being, there’s something connected.”

Artivism played an important role in the New Zealand and Lima protests, with around a thousand people on 12 beaches across New Zealand sending a similar message on oil and coal exports.

Organisers Coal Action Network Aotearoa media spokesperson Tim Jones says artivism offers an “element of street theatre … to the extent that we are looking for things that will both seize the imagination, and participants and also get media interest so they are visual, and artivism has that.”

CANA adapted the idea with heads in a box, at COP20. Activist Cindy Baxter tweeted: “Doing the best we can to support the Heads in the Sand campaign over here at the conference in Lima! Unfortunately, there’s no sand onsite.”

There are plans for a short documentary to keep the pressure up by inspiring more ‘salutes’ to government’s climate change policy, Hirst added.

“Hopefully the concept will carry on its own meaning on inaction and heads in the sand salute. We aim to encourage people to go to their sand pit in the backyard, or the beach, dig a hole, do it, take a photo, and send it to the Prime Minister.”

 


 

Dr Maxine Newlands is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Arts, Education & Social Sciences School of Arts & Social Sciences of James Cook University. Her research focuses on environmental politics from emissions trading, carbon tax to environmentalism, activism, protest, social justice, journalistic practices and occasionally sportsmedia. She tweets @Dr_MaxNewlands.

Hashtags: #headinthesand / #headinthesandsalute artivism raises awareness of climate change.

 






TTIP – Juncker’s 1.1 million signature ‘birthday card’





On 15th July the European Commission refused to accept a European Citizens Initiative (ECI) to end talks over the the TTIP and CETA, contentious trade and investment initiatives with the US and Canada.

The petition, organised by Stop TTIP, was signed by over a million citizens and passed all the Commission’s criteria for a valid ECI – except one.

The Commission didn’t like having ‘little people’ telling them what to do, specially on a project so dear to their hearts as stripping back social, environmental and health safeguards across Europe and letting US corporations rip.

So they made up a flimsy package of legal obfuscation to justify rejecting it, which they formally did on 11th September – claiming that an ECI may be formulated only positively, working towards the enactment of a legal act, not towards preventing an enactment.

Happy Birthday Mr Juncker!

But today – on Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker’s 60th birthday – Stop TTIP was back with a second million signature petition described as a ‘self-organised ECI’, handed to him by Stop TTIP representatives in Brussels.

John Hilary, a member of Stop TTIP’s Citizens’ Committee commented: “Stop TTIP has collected more than a million signatures in record time.

“This is especially embarrassing for the European Commission as it has tried repeatedly to block any citizens’ involvement in the way these treaties are being negotiated and what the outcome should be. Jean Claude Juncker should listen to the growing opposition and stop both treaties immediately.

“Politicians are always calling for citizens to get actively involved in European politics, and here are more than a million people who have done just that.

“On his 60th birthday, Juncker should blow out the candles on these massively unpopular and undemocratic trade deals that are opposed by people across Europe. One million signatures is just the beginning. We will continue our protest until TTIP and CETA are history.”

And don’t forget the lawsuit

In fact the required million signatures had all been collected by last Wednesday at 11.37pm – in a record time of less than two months. So by the time it was handed over today it had gathered a further 101,000 signatures!

In the process of mobilising all the signings Stop TTIP has grown into a fast-growing coalition of more than 320 civil society organisations, trade unions and consumer watchdogs from 24 EU Member States.

It has also launched a formal complaint to the European Court of Justice, pointing out that the European Citizens’ Initiative (regulation 211/2011) gives citizens the right “to participate by means of a European Citizens’ Initiative in the democratic life of the Union”.

“There is not a syllable which indicates that only constructive, i.e. positively formulated, ECIs are to be possible”, says Stop TTIP. “The instrument of an ECI is intended to enable lively participation at EU level by citizens – it is available to the citizens as a motive force or as a brake.”

The massive support for the campaign reflects the underlying agenda of TTIP and CETA, which is  would give unprecedented power to international corporations and thus threaten to overrule democracy, the rule of law as well as environmental and consumer protection.

In particular, the treaties would allow governments to be sued by corporations before private arbitration boards if their laws or policies damage the company’s profits.

We cannot let them get away with it!

With its decision on the ‘Stop TTIP’ ECI, the Commission is indicating how it envisions citizen participation at the European level: purely as an arrangement for applauding decisions which have already been made.

“In forward-looking questions, this means the following for its citizens: we have to stay outside”, says Stop TTIP. “We cannot just acquiesce to this. So the action before the European Court of Justice is about more than the registration of the Stop TTIP ECI.”

“The Commission is attempting to create a precedent in order to prevent further Citizens’ Initiatives relating to international contracts, and to give the EU institutions almost total negotiating freedom. That is a free ticket to the dismantling of democracy.”

 


Support TTIP with funds for its campaign and lawsuit.

 






Badger cubs to be shot in new ‘summer cull’ plan





Badger cubs will be shot under plans to shift the controversial cull to early summer in 2015, the Guardian has learned.

The badger culls, aimed at curbing tuberculosis in cattle, have so far taken place in the autumn and have repeatedly missed their minimum kill targets.

Cubs are easier to catch and shoot and are more numerous in early summer, making it more likely an earlier cull will hit its target.

But scientists have warned killing cubs rather than adults has less effect on cutting TB, while animal campaigners condemned the plan as “appallingly crude and desperate”.

The National Farmers Union (NFU), which speaks for the culling companies, said government licences permit culling to begin any time from June. The Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) said the timing of the culls was a decision for the culling companies.

Summer cull to begin as early as June 2015

Badger cubs are born underground in February and first emerge in April. While the cubs and their parents legally cannot be culled until the start of June, it is legal to shoot them under licence afterwards.

The cullers intend to start in June or July 2015, according to Guardian sources. However, leading badger expert Professor Rosie Woodroffe, at the Zoological Society of London, said:

“They may well catch more badgers if they cull in June, because young cubs are naïve and easy to trap. But many of cubs die in their first year, especially in dry summers. So killing 100 badgers in June wouldn’t reduce the badger population as much as killing 100 badgers in November.

“Also, cubs are much less likely to have TB, so killing cubs would not have the same effect on reducing disease as killing adults.”

Woodroffe was a key member of an earlier landmark and decade-long culling trial which found that TB in cattle could actually be made worse if the badger population was not heavily reduced, as surviving but disturbed badgers spread the disease more widely.

“An earlier cull would seem to be more about trying to achieve a target number of badgers killed, rather than controlling TB. It’s more like meeting the letter of the law, rather than the spirit”, said Woodroffe.

She believes the cull pilots in Somerset and Gloucestershire, judged in April not to be effective or humane, should stop immediately.

NFU: the cull must go on

The NFU disagrees. “The NFU remains convinced the current pilot culls will help deliver a reduction of TB in cattle and it is vital that they are allowed to be successfully completed so they can achieve the maximum benefit”, said a spokesman.

“We also remain committed to seeing badger culling rolled out to other areas where TB is endemic to help control and eradicate this terrible disease, which continues to devastate the lives of farming families.”

The Conservatives are understood to want a roll-out, but have been opposed by their LibDem coalition partners. The NFU spokesman added:

“The terms of the existing four-year licences mean that culling can begin from 1 June. This has always been the case. We are not aware that any decision has been made as yet about the timings of next year’s cull.”

Claire Bass, executive director of the Humane Society International / UK said: “If true, an earlier cull would be an appallingly crude and desperate tactic to boost the number of badgers killed to create a veneer of success in an otherwise failed and discredited badger cull policy.

“Not only is it a moral outrage to allow marksmen to take pot shots at baby badgers simply to provide a larger body count, but it makes even less scientific sense than the current strategy, as the likelihood of cubs carrying the disease is even lower than adults.”

The earlier landmark culling trial found 12% of adult badgers had TB but only 8% of cubs.

A Defra spokesman said: “England has the highest levels of bovine TB in Europe which is why we are pursuing a comprehensive strategy to make England free of the disease, including cattle measures, vaccinations and culling badgers where TB is rife.

“The licences in Somerset and Gloucestershire allow culling to commence any time from 1 June, which was based on the advice of wildlife experts.”

 


 

Damian Carrington is the head of environment at the Guardian.

This article originally appeared on the Guardian. It is republished with thanks via the Guardian Environment Network.

 






Bottoms up! ‘Head in sand salute’ is the new climate protest





Images of activists, heads in the sand, bottoms in the air, went viral last month in a ‘salute’ to governments’ policy on climate change and increased industrialisation along the Great Barrier Reef.

North Queensland Conservation Council environmentalists came up with the idea for the Get-Up! Global Day of Climate Action. Townsville organiser and local filmmaker, George Hirst says ‘salute’ was key to the idea:

“Salute was the word to hang it on, to ironically say quiet a lot, and it’s a pretty Aussie thing too. We’re not big ones for saluting anyone or anything, so we thought we’d salute the government this way.”

Getting the image right took both method and practice, added Hirst. “To make a one off image that really hits quickly and works well, firstly you had to see the shape of the body with the head going into the sand. So we set up a grid pattern to give perspective.”

Social media sends image viral

Social media sent the image viral when Australian cartoonist, Andrew Marlton (@firstdogonthemoon) and 350.org Founder Bill McKibben (@billmckibben) both retweeted the image.

Hashtag headinthesandsalute received worldwide attention, “the biggest impact was on Buzzfeed, it was the top story on Buzzfeed for well over 24 hours, then Mashable and others”, says Hirst.

“Even South African Playboy used the image, as did the British Journal of Medicine for an article on climate change as a significant medical problem.”

Hirst and 350.org advised campaigners Eden Tehan and Rex Walsh for Sydney’s Bondi Beach event ahead of the G20 summit, also New Zealand environmental group, Coal Action Network Aotearoa‘s nation-wide ‘salute’ for COP20, Lima, Peru.

Image events as protest

The Bondi Beach images, shot from a drone, had one objective – to elevate the campaign – says renewable energy entrepreneur and organiser Eden Tehan:

“There’s something about that image, yes sure it’s humorous. I find it powerful to step back and think the guys running the show may actually have their heads stuck in the sand on climate change and it’s scary … and hopefully the visual image will catch on. It’s also why we chose to not have signage or banners on the day.”

Activists found the action a sobering experience, Tehan adds. “I believe it’s an emotional statement, a strong statement, there’s nothing more hopeless than the action of doing that … there was some cheering on the day when everyone did it.

“When, I and others were there, with our heads in the sand, there was a sombre energy about it, because it’s a sad situation.”

Activism to artivism: Protest as performance art

Bondi Beach is to date the largest single #headinthesand salute, with just over 400 people taking part; and sees a growth in protest as artivism -art and activism.

#headinthesand salute captures campaigners disillusioned with marches and rallies, unwilling to risk arrest through non-violent direct action, have family or work commitments, yet still want to make a statement.

Going to beach after work, is typical Aussie behaviour, and Tehan and Walsh enticed people with the lure of a free beer from local pub sponsor to make a political statement, as Eden Tehan explains.

“I tried to get away from the protest word. When dealing with the cops we were saying it’s an attempt at public art, and I do believe that I think that image, especially the aerial one, it’s is art, it is public art with a message.”

Bondi organiser Rex Walsh added, “It’s a real return to old fashioned form of protest, in a very Australian way, where people can do it, be individual in it, but there’s collectivism as well …

“This is novel, fun, different and not going to alienate people, and that’s its strength, it has the ability to polarise itself in a sense, it’s not destructive to our way of being, there’s something connected.”

Artivism played an important role in the New Zealand and Lima protests, with around a thousand people on 12 beaches across New Zealand sending a similar message on oil and coal exports.

Organisers Coal Action Network Aotearoa media spokesperson Tim Jones says artivism offers an “element of street theatre … to the extent that we are looking for things that will both seize the imagination, and participants and also get media interest so they are visual, and artivism has that.”

CANA adapted the idea with heads in a box, at COP20. Activist Cindy Baxter tweeted: “Doing the best we can to support the Heads in the Sand campaign over here at the conference in Lima! Unfortunately, there’s no sand onsite.”

There are plans for a short documentary to keep the pressure up by inspiring more ‘salutes’ to government’s climate change policy, Hirst added.

“Hopefully the concept will carry on its own meaning on inaction and heads in the sand salute. We aim to encourage people to go to their sand pit in the backyard, or the beach, dig a hole, do it, take a photo, and send it to the Prime Minister.”

 


 

Dr Maxine Newlands is a Lecturer at the Faculty of Arts, Education & Social Sciences School of Arts & Social Sciences of James Cook University. Her research focuses on environmental politics from emissions trading, carbon tax to environmentalism, activism, protest, social justice, journalistic practices and occasionally sportsmedia. She tweets @Dr_MaxNewlands.

Hashtags: #headinthesand / #headinthesandsalute artivism raises awareness of climate change.

 






TTIP – Juncker’s 1.1 million signature ‘birthday card’





On 15th July the European Commission refused to accept a European Citizens Initiative (ECI) to end talks over the the TTIP and CETA, contentious trade and investment initiatives with the US and Canada.

The petition, organised by Stop TTIP, was signed by over a million citizens and passed all the Commission’s criteria for a valid ECI – except one.

The Commission didn’t like having ‘little people’ telling them what to do, specially on a project so dear to their hearts as stripping back social, environmental and health safeguards across Europe and letting US corporations rip.

So they made up a flimsy package of legal obfuscation to justify rejecting it, which they formally did on 11th September – claiming that an ECI may be formulated only positively, working towards the enactment of a legal act, not towards preventing an enactment.

Happy Birthday Mr Juncker!

But today – on Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker’s 60th birthday – Stop TTIP was back with a second million signature petition described as a ‘self-organised ECI’, handed to him by Stop TTIP representatives in Brussels.

John Hilary, a member of Stop TTIP’s Citizens’ Committee commented: “Stop TTIP has collected more than a million signatures in record time.

“This is especially embarrassing for the European Commission as it has tried repeatedly to block any citizens’ involvement in the way these treaties are being negotiated and what the outcome should be. Jean Claude Juncker should listen to the growing opposition and stop both treaties immediately.

“Politicians are always calling for citizens to get actively involved in European politics, and here are more than a million people who have done just that.

“On his 60th birthday, Juncker should blow out the candles on these massively unpopular and undemocratic trade deals that are opposed by people across Europe. One million signatures is just the beginning. We will continue our protest until TTIP and CETA are history.”

And don’t forget the lawsuit

In fact the required million signatures had all been collected by last Wednesday at 11.37pm – in a record time of less than two months. So by the time it was handed over today it had gathered a further 101,000 signatures!

In the process of mobilising all the signings Stop TTIP has grown into a fast-growing coalition of more than 320 civil society organisations, trade unions and consumer watchdogs from 24 EU Member States.

It has also launched a formal complaint to the European Court of Justice, pointing out that the European Citizens’ Initiative (regulation 211/2011) gives citizens the right “to participate by means of a European Citizens’ Initiative in the democratic life of the Union”.

“There is not a syllable which indicates that only constructive, i.e. positively formulated, ECIs are to be possible”, says Stop TTIP. “The instrument of an ECI is intended to enable lively participation at EU level by citizens – it is available to the citizens as a motive force or as a brake.”

The massive support for the campaign reflects the underlying agenda of TTIP and CETA, which is  would give unprecedented power to international corporations and thus threaten to overrule democracy, the rule of law as well as environmental and consumer protection.

In particular, the treaties would allow governments to be sued by corporations before private arbitration boards if their laws or policies damage the company’s profits.

We cannot let them get away with it!

With its decision on the ‘Stop TTIP’ ECI, the Commission is indicating how it envisions citizen participation at the European level: purely as an arrangement for applauding decisions which have already been made.

“In forward-looking questions, this means the following for its citizens: we have to stay outside”, says Stop TTIP. “We cannot just acquiesce to this. So the action before the European Court of Justice is about more than the registration of the Stop TTIP ECI.”

“The Commission is attempting to create a precedent in order to prevent further Citizens’ Initiatives relating to international contracts, and to give the EU institutions almost total negotiating freedom. That is a free ticket to the dismantling of democracy.”

 


Support TTIP with funds for its campaign and lawsuit.

 






A mechanistic model of the S-shaped population growth

Figure 2. Biological interpretations of the model. a, Identical offsprings of the one parental individual occupy all nearest microhabitats what corresponds to aggressive vegetative propagation of plants. The maximum number of offsprings per one individual equals six. The neighbourhood defines fecundity and spatial positioning of offsprings.  b, A biological interpretation of the graph of transitions between the states of a lattice site. The graph represents a birth-death-regeneration process.

The main idea of this note is to show the most basic and purely mechanistic model of population growth, which has been used by us to create models of interspecific competition for verification of the competitive exclusion principle (1, 2). Our logical deterministic individual-based cellular automata model demonstrates a spatio-temporal mechanism of the S-shaped population growth.

A classical model of the S-shaped population growth is the Verhulst model. Unfortunately, this model is completely non-mechanistic (black-box) as the internal structure of the complex system and mechanisms remain hidden (previous post). Here I show a completely mechanistic ‘white-box’ model of the S-shaped population growth (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. S-shaped population growth. A logical deterministic individual-based cellular automata model of single species population dynamics.

Figure 1. S-shaped population growth. A logical deterministic individual-based cellular automata model of single species population dynamics.

A biological prototype of the model is aggressive vegetative propagation of rhizomatous lawn grasses – e.g. Festuca rubra trichophylla (Slender creeping red fescue). One individual corresponds to one tiller (Fig. 2). A tiller is a minimal semi-autonomous grass shoot that sprouts from the base. Rhizomes are horizontal creeping underground shoots using which plants vegetatively (asexually) propagate. Unlike a root, rhizomes have buds and scaly leaves. One tiller may have a maximum of six rhizomes in the model. A tiller with roots and leaves develops from a bud on the end of the rhizome. A populated microhabitat goes into the regeneration state after an individual’s death. The regeneration state of the site corresponds to the regeneration of the microhabitat’s resources including recycling of a dead individual (Fig. 2b). All individuals are identical. Propagation of offspring of one individual leads to colonization of the uniform, homogeneous and limited habitat. Finite size of the habitat and intraspecific competition are the limiting factors of the population’s growth. The maximum possible number of offspring of one individual is six (Fig. 2a). An individual may propagate in all nearest microhabitats according to the logical rules (Figs 2 and 3).

Figure 2. Biological interpretations of the model. a, Identical offsprings of the one parental individual occupy all nearest microhabitats what corresponds to aggressive vegetative propagation of plants. The maximum number of offsprings per one individual equals six. The neighbourhood defines fecundity and spatial positioning of offsprings.  b, A biological interpretation of the graph of transitions between the states of a lattice site. The graph represents a birth-death-regeneration process.

Figure 2. Biological interpretations of the model. a, Identical offspring of the one parental individual occupy all nearest microhabitats what corresponds to aggressive vegetative propagation of plants. The maximum number of offsprings per one individual equals six. The neighbourhood defines fecundity and spatial positioning of offsprings. b, A biological interpretation of the graph of transitions between the states of a lattice site. The graph represents a birth-death-regeneration process.

A mathematical description of the model. A cellular automata model is defined by the 5-tuple:

  1. a lattice of sites;
  2. a set of possible states of a lattice site;
  3. a neighborhood;
  4. rules of transitions between the states of a lattice site;
  5. an initial pattern.

Rules of the cellular automata model are presented in Fig. 3 and in the following text.

Figure 3. Rules of the cellular automata model. a, Hexagonal neighborhood. Coordinates i and j are integer numbers. b, Directed graph of transitions between the states of a lattice site.

Figure 3. Rules of the cellular automata model. a, Hexagonal neighborhood. Coordinates i and j are integer numbers. b, Directed graph of transitions between the states of a lattice site.

The lattice consists of 25×25 sites and it is closed on the torus to avoid boundary effects (Fig. 1). Each site may be in one of the three states 0, 1 or 2, where:

0 – a free microhabitat which can be occupied by an individual of the species;
1 – a microhabitat is occupied by a living individual of the species;
2 – a regeneration state of a microhabitat after death of an individual of the species.

A free microhabitat is the intrinsic part of environmental resources per one individual and it contains all necessary resources and conditions for an individual’s life. A microhabitat is modeled by a lattice site. The cause-effects relations are logical rules of transitions between the states of a lattice site (Fig. 3):

0→0, a microhabitat remains free if there is no one living individual in its neighborhood;
0→1, a microhabitat will be occupied by an individual of the species if there is at least one individual in its neighborhood;
1→2, after death of an individual of the species its microhabitat goes into the regeneration state;
2→0, after the regeneration state a microhabitat becomes free if there is no one living individual in its neighborhood;
2→1, after the regeneration state a microhabitat is occupied by an individual of the species if there is at least one individual in its neighborhood.

Physically speaking this is the simplest model of active (excitable) media with autowaves (travelling waves, self-sustaining waves) (1, 3, 4). An active medium is a medium that contains distributed resources for maintenance of autowave. An autowave is a self-organizing dissipative structure. An active medium may be able to regenerate its properties after local dissipation of resources. In our model, reproduction of individuals occurs in the form of population waves (Fig. 1). We use the axiomatic formalism of Wiener and Rosenblueth for simulation of excitation propagation in active media (5). In accordance with this formalism rest, excitation and refractoriness are the three successive states of a site. In our model the rest state corresponds to the free state of a microhabitat, the excitation state corresponds to the life activity of an individual in a microhabitat and the refractory state corresponds to the regeneration state of a microhabitat. All states have identical duration. If the refractory period will be much longer than the active period, then such a model may be interpreted, for example, as propagation of the single wave of fire on the dry grass. Time duration of the basic states can be easily varied using additional states of the lattice sites.

According to Alexander Watt, a plant community may be considered ‘as a working mechanism’ which ‘maintains and regenerates itself’ (6). This logical model of the single-species population dynamics shows such mechanism in the direct and most simplified form. We consider the white-box modeling by logical deterministic cellular automata as a perspective way for investigation not only of population dynamics but also of all complex systems (1, previous post). The main feature of this approach is the use of cellular automata as a way of linking semantics (ontology) and logic of the subject area. Apparently, the effectiveness of this approach is provided by the fact that cellular automata are an ideal model of time and space.

Acknowledgements

I thank Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov for useful discussions and suggestions.

References

  1. L. V. Kalmykov, V. L. Kalmykov, Verification and reformulation of the competitive exclusion principle. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 56, (2013). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2013.07.006
  2. L. V. Kalmykov, V. L. Kalmykov, Deterministic individual-based cellular automata modelling of single species population dynamics. Available from Nature Precedings, (2011). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npre.2011.6661.1
  3. A. N. Zaikin, A. M. Zhabotinsky, Concentration Wave Propagation in Two-dimensional Liquid-phase Self-oscillating System. Nature 225, (1970). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/225535b0
  4. V. I. Krinsky, in Autowaves: Results, problems, outlooks in Self-Organization: Autowaves and Structures Far from Equilibrium V. I. Krinsky, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984), pp. 9-19.
  5. N. Wiener, A. Rosenblueth, The mathematical formulation of the problem of conduction of impulses in a network of connected excitable elements, specifically in cardiac muscle. Archivos del Instituto de Cardiologia de Mexico 16, (Jul, 1946).
  6.  A. S. Watt, Pattern and Process in the Plant Community. Journal of Ecology 35, (1947). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2256497

 

December 10, 2014

TTIP – Juncker’s 1.1 million signature ‘birthday card’





On 15th July the European Commission refused to accept a European Citizens Initiative (ECI) to end talks over the the TTIP and CETA, contentious trade and investment initiatives with the US and Canada.

The petition, organised by Stop TTIP, was signed by over a million citizens and passed all the Commission’s criteria for a valid ECI – except one.

The Commission didn’t like having ‘little people’ telling them what to do, specially on a project so dear to their hearts as stripping back social, environmental and health safeguards across Europe and letting US corporations rip.

So they made up a flimsy package of legal obfuscation to justify rejecting it, which they formally did on 11th September – claiming that an ECI may be formulated only positively, working towards the enactment of a legal act, not towards preventing an enactment.

Happy Birthday Mr Juncker!

But today – on Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker’s 60th birthday – Stop TTIP was back with a second million signature petition described as a ‘self-organised ECI’, handed to him by Stop TTIP representatives in Brussels.

John Hilary, a member of Stop TTIP’s Citizens’ Committee commented: “Stop TTIP has collected more than a million signatures in record time.

“This is especially embarrassing for the European Commission as it has tried repeatedly to block any citizens’ involvement in the way these treaties are being negotiated and what the outcome should be. Jean Claude Juncker should listen to the growing opposition and stop both treaties immediately.

“Politicians are always calling for citizens to get actively involved in European politics, and here are more than a million people who have done just that.

“On his 60th birthday, Juncker should blow out the candles on these massively unpopular and undemocratic trade deals that are opposed by people across Europe. One million signatures is just the beginning. We will continue our protest until TTIP and CETA are history.”

And don’t forget the lawsuit

In fact the required million signatures had all been collected by last Wednesday at 11.37pm – in a record time of less than two months. So by the time it was handed over today it had gathered a further 101,000 signatures!

In the process of mobilising all the signings Stop TTIP has grown into a fast-growing coalition of more than 320 civil society organisations, trade unions and consumer watchdogs from 24 EU Member States.

It has also launched a formal complaint to the European Court of Justice, pointing out that the European Citizens’ Initiative (regulation 211/2011) gives citizens the right “to participate by means of a European Citizens’ Initiative in the democratic life of the Union”.

“There is not a syllable which indicates that only constructive, i.e. positively formulated, ECIs are to be possible”, says Stop TTIP. “The instrument of an ECI is intended to enable lively participation at EU level by citizens – it is available to the citizens as a motive force or as a brake.”

The massive support for the campaign reflects the underlying agenda of TTIP and CETA, which is  would give unprecedented power to international corporations and thus threaten to overrule democracy, the rule of law as well as environmental and consumer protection.

In particular, the treaties would allow governments to be sued by corporations before private arbitration boards if their laws or policies damage the company’s profits.

We cannot let them get away with it!

With its decision on the ‘Stop TTIP’ ECI, the Commission is indicating how it envisions citizen participation at the European level: purely as an arrangement for applauding decisions which have already been made.

“In forward-looking questions, this means the following for its citizens: we have to stay outside”, says Stop TTIP. “We cannot just acquiesce to this. So the action before the European Court of Justice is about more than the registration of the Stop TTIP ECI.”

“The Commission is attempting to create a precedent in order to prevent further Citizens’ Initiatives relating to international contracts, and to give the EU institutions almost total negotiating freedom. That is a free ticket to the dismantling of democracy.”

 


Support TTIP with funds for its campaign and lawsuit.

 






TTIP – Juncker’s 1.1 million signature ‘birthday card’





On 15th July the European Commission refused to accept a European Citizens Initiative (ECI) to end talks over the the TTIP and CETA, contentious trade and investment initiatives with the US and Canada.

The petition, organised by Stop TTIP, was signed by over a million citizens and passed all the Commission’s criteria for a valid ECI – except one.

The Commission didn’t like having ‘little people’ telling them what to do, specially on a project so dear to their hearts as stripping back social, environmental and health safeguards across Europe and letting US corporations rip.

So they made up a flimsy package of legal obfuscation to justify rejecting it, which they formally did on 11th September – claiming that an ECI may be formulated only positively, working towards the enactment of a legal act, not towards preventing an enactment.

Happy Birthday Mr Juncker!

But today – on Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker’s 60th birthday – Stop TTIP was back with a second million signature petition described as a ‘self-organised ECI’, handed to him by Stop TTIP representatives in Brussels.

John Hilary, a member of Stop TTIP’s Citizens’ Committee commented: “Stop TTIP has collected more than a million signatures in record time.

“This is especially embarrassing for the European Commission as it has tried repeatedly to block any citizens’ involvement in the way these treaties are being negotiated and what the outcome should be. Jean Claude Juncker should listen to the growing opposition and stop both treaties immediately.

“Politicians are always calling for citizens to get actively involved in European politics, and here are more than a million people who have done just that.

“On his 60th birthday, Juncker should blow out the candles on these massively unpopular and undemocratic trade deals that are opposed by people across Europe. One million signatures is just the beginning. We will continue our protest until TTIP and CETA are history.”

And don’t forget the lawsuit

In fact the required million signatures had all been collected by last Wednesday at 11.37pm – in a record time of less than two months. So by the time it was handed over today it had gathered a further 101,000 signatures!

In the process of mobilising all the signings Stop TTIP has grown into a fast-growing coalition of more than 320 civil society organisations, trade unions and consumer watchdogs from 24 EU Member States.

It has also launched a formal complaint to the European Court of Justice, pointing out that the European Citizens’ Initiative (regulation 211/2011) gives citizens the right “to participate by means of a European Citizens’ Initiative in the democratic life of the Union”.

“There is not a syllable which indicates that only constructive, i.e. positively formulated, ECIs are to be possible”, says Stop TTIP. “The instrument of an ECI is intended to enable lively participation at EU level by citizens – it is available to the citizens as a motive force or as a brake.”

The massive support for the campaign reflects the underlying agenda of TTIP and CETA, which is  would give unprecedented power to international corporations and thus threaten to overrule democracy, the rule of law as well as environmental and consumer protection.

In particular, the treaties would allow governments to be sued by corporations before private arbitration boards if their laws or policies damage the company’s profits.

We cannot let them get away with it!

With its decision on the ‘Stop TTIP’ ECI, the Commission is indicating how it envisions citizen participation at the European level: purely as an arrangement for applauding decisions which have already been made.

“In forward-looking questions, this means the following for its citizens: we have to stay outside”, says Stop TTIP. “We cannot just acquiesce to this. So the action before the European Court of Justice is about more than the registration of the Stop TTIP ECI.”

“The Commission is attempting to create a precedent in order to prevent further Citizens’ Initiatives relating to international contracts, and to give the EU institutions almost total negotiating freedom. That is a free ticket to the dismantling of democracy.”

 


Support TTIP with funds for its campaign and lawsuit.